We’re almost in the golden age of political correctness where it feels like we have to tread lightly in the language we use – any form of generalisation seems dangerous at first. But I think that generalisations are not something to be afraid of, but are in fact incredibly useful.
Generalisations vs stereotypes
The distinction between these two is key to understanding why one is appropriate and useful, and the other is harmful.
Stereotypes like “All Asians are good at maths” and “Latinas are all fiery” are stereotypes because:
a) They are passing judgement
b) They’re not backed by empirical evidence
c) They’re ever-present and usually unchangeable, even when not backed by evidence
d) They’re rigid and dominant over other characteristics
Generalisations, on the other hand, are based off data (so they get updated with new information), and they don’t pass judgement, but rather are used consciously and constructively. An example would be, “Chinese schools emphasise tests and memorisation more than Australian schools.”
If we were to sum this up, stereotypes are often hurtful, whereas generalisations are helpful.
When generalisations are useful
I’m sure you can now see when generalisations can be incredibly useful. From knowing what social cues to follow amongst a new group of people to understanding key issues within certain communities to help problem solve them, generalisations are essential for everyday living and are important in making meaningful change on a large scale. After all, not every Japanese person will be offended if you wear shoes in their house, but most will appreciate the gesture (and some will insist).
But does this mean we can never use stereotypes? Let’s not place hard and fast rules. Using them in a self-deprecating way, or maybe within a joke when you’re with friends who you know will take it well might be fine. But it’s worth being aware that this sort of use can still continue to perpetuate the stereotype.
Despite us all being individuals and having our individual traits, we can’t live without generalisations. It’s knowing the difference between them and stereotypes that will help us navigate that line between helping and hurting.